Variablesc | Cases (n = 138a) | Controls 1&2 (n = 288) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Controls 3&4 (n = 288) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antifungals (%) | 82 (59.4) | 79 (28.0)b | 4.863 (2.886–8.194) | < 0.001 | 50 (17.7)b | 5.890 (3.647–9.512) | < 0.001 |
Antivirals (%) | 16 (11.6) | 19 (6.7)b | 1.913 (0.899–4.071) | 0.092 | 17 (6.0)b | 2.053 (1.011–4.169) | 0.047 |
Aminoglycosides (%) | 51 (37.0) | 53 (18.8) | 2.988 (1.769–5.046) | < 0.001 | 24 (8.5) | 6.832 (3.692–12.643) | < 0.001 |
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (%) | 39 (29.1) | 48 (17.0)b | 2.014 (1.196–3.394) | 0.009 | 40 (14.2)b | 2.388 (1.428–3.992) | 0.001 |
Carbapenems (%) | 58 (42.0) | 58 (20.7) | 3.124 (1.898–5.142) | < 0.001 | 26 (9.2) | 6.762 (3.810–12.000) | < 0.001 |
Cephalosporins (%) | 104 (77.6) | 131 (46.5) | 3.942 (2.383–6.520) | < 0.001 | 107 (37.9) | 6.407 (3.692–11-121) | < 0.001 |
Colistin (%) | 17 (12.7) | 20 (7.1)b | 1.896 (0.926–3.880) | 0.080 | 12 (4.3)b | 4.282 (1.756–10.437) | 0.001 |
Macrolides (%) | 60 (44.8) | 64 (22.7) | 2.702 (1.696–4.304) | < 0.001 | 27 (9.6) | 6.881 (3.885–12.190) | < 0.001 |
Metronidazole (%) | 48 (35.8) | 48 (17.0) | 2.445 (1.534–3.898) | < 0.001 | 32 (11.3)b | 4.689 (2.630–8.360) | < 0.001 |
Nitrofurantoin (%) | 17 (12.7) | 12 (4.3)b | 3.486 (1.543–7.878) | 0.003 | 24 (8.5) | 1.527 (0.767–3.039) | 0.228 |
Penicillin (%) | 29 (21.6) | 49 (17.4) | 1.226 (0.739–2.032) | 0.431 | 31 (11.0) | 2.100 (1.199–3.678) | 0.009 |
Piperacillin/tazobactam (%) | 49 (36.6) | 50 (17.7)b | 2.774 (1.666–4.621) | < 0.001 | 32 (11.3)b | 4.572 (2.604–8.025) | < 0.001 |
Quinolones (%) | 94 (70.1) | 88 (31.2) | 6.087 (3.553–10.429) | < 0.001 | 53 (18.8) | 9.193 (5.284–15.996) | < 0.001 |
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (%) | 32 (23.9) | 23 (8.2)b | 3.606 (1.930–6.740) | < 0.001 | 19 (6.7)b | 3.834 (2.098–7.007) | < 0.001 |
Vancomycin (%) | 74 (55.2) | 51 (18.1) | 6.355 (3.652–11.057) | < 0.001 | 27 (9.6) | 9.847 (5.437–17.836) | < 0.001 |
Other antibiotics (%) | 32 (23.9) | 28 (9.9)b | 3.074 (1.680–5.627) | < 0.001 | 30 (10.6)b | 2.684 (1.512–4.763) | 0.001 |
Selective digestive tract decontamination (%) | 92 (68.7) | 109 (38.7) | 4.583 (2.641–7.952) | < 0.001 | 59 (20.9) | 10.864 (5.748–20.536) | < 0.001 |