Table 1 Healthcare-associated outbreaks due to four new or uncommon fungal pathogens
Species | Year | Country | N° of cases | Infection sites | At risk population | Source | Main preventive measures | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candida auris | Since 2011 | Four continents | >  500 | IFI and colonization | Risk of invasive candidiasis | Human and environmental surfaces | Improve hand hygiene Contact isolation Improve environmental desinfection | |
Saprochaete clavata (formerly Geotrichum clavatum) | Sept 2011-Oct 2012 Oct-Dec 2014 | France Italy | 30 3 | Blood and colonization Spleen, liver, lung | Hematological malignancies Hematological malignancies | Unknown Unknown | Define and identify at risk population Search for a common source | |
Sarocladium kiliense (formerly Acremonium kiliense) | June 2013-Jan 2014 Nov 2013 March-May 2011 | Chile (8 hospitals in Santiago) Colombia Greece | 67 16 3 | Blood Blood Blood | Chemotherapy Chemotherapy Stem cell transplantation | Antinausea ondansetron (company A) Ondansetron (company A) CVC | Recall of all ondansetron lots of the company A | |
Exserohilum rostratum | Sept 2012-Oct 2013 | USA (20 states) | 751 | Paraspinal/spinalMeninges Peripheral joint | Epidural/paraspinal injection of MPA | MPA (compounded drug) | Recall of the 3 contaminated lots |