Table 3 Studies of the Association between CRE Infection and Outcome
First Author (Year) | Study Population | CLSI protocol | Study Period | No. of Patients | Types of infections | Mortality: CRE versus control (%) HR or OR (95% CI) | Length of stay (LOS), median (IQR), days | Discharge to a LTAC after being admitted from home (%), OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRE infected patients versus uninfected controls | ||||||||
Bogan (2014) [20] | Detroit Medical Center, 8 hospitals | M100-S19 2009 | 09/2008–08/2009 | 91 cases, 91 controls (matched) | All classified by NHSN definitions.1 | All-cause in-hospital 38.3% versus 16.7% (p = 0.006), adjusted OR = 1.6 (0.2–14.8)2 | CRE Infected Pts Median = 10 days (IQR: 4–23) Uninfected Pts Median = 13 days (IQR: 3–25) | OR = 15.1 (3.1–73.5) |
Kalpoe (2012) [23] | Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City | Not stated | 10/2005–10/2006 | 14 cases, 161 controls | Cultures positive for carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae from normally sterile body-sites | All-cause mortality at 1-year: 71% versus 14% (log rank p < 0.001) HR = 4.9 (1.5–15.6) | ||
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) versus carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE) | ||||||||
Gasink (2009) [21] | University of Pennsylvania (2 hospitals) | KPC-production3 | 10/2006–4/2008 | 56 cases, 863 controls | Clinical cultures with K.pneumoniae4 | All-cause in-hospital: 32.1% versus 9.9% (p < 0.001), adjusted OR 2.28 (1.18–4.40) | ||
Patel (2008) [22] | Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City | M100-S16 2006 | 7/2004–6/2006 | 99 cases, 99 controls (matched) | Cultures positive for K. pneumoniae from normally sterile body-sites | All-cause in-hospital: 48% versus 20%, OR 3.71 (1.97–7.01) Attributable in-hospital: OR 4.50 (2.16–9.35) | ||
Bogan (2014) [20] | Detroit Medical Center, 8 hospitals | M100-S19 2009 | 09/2008–08/2009 | 91 cases, 91 controls (matched) | CRE or non-ESBL CSE. All infections classified by NHSN definitions.1 | All-cause in-hospital: 38.3% versus 16.7% (p = 0.004), adjusted OR 2.7 (0.8–9.4) | Among CRE Pts Median = 10 days (IQR: 4–23) Among CSE Pts Median = 7 days (IQR: 5–16) | OR = 14.5 (2.7–79.8) |