Fig. 5

Diversity analyses of infant resistomes according to B. infantis EVC001 colonization. a Rarefaction curves showing the number of unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) identified in relation to the increasing number of sequences. Both EVC001 and the control group presented similar curve trends, suggesting that the sequencing depth is not associated with the diversity of antibiotic resistance. P-values were computed with a nonparametric two-sample t-test using Monte Carlo permutations (n = 999). b Global resistome profiles computed via a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix. The EVC001-fed samples clustered closely, indicating that they shared a similar resistome compared to the controls, which had a more dispersed distribution. The effect of B. infantis EVC001 colonization by itself accounted for 31% of the total explained variation (adonis). The P-value was computed using F-tests based on the sequential sums of squares from permutations of the raw data