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Table 2 Analysis of risk factors for 28-day Mortality in 491 patients with E. coli bloodstream infections

From: Risk factors and outcomes in non-transplant patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli bacteremia: a retrospective study from 2013 to 2016

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariable analysis

Survivors (n = 420)

Non- survivors (n = 71)

P-values

P-values

OR

95% CI for OR

Lower

Upper

Demographic

 Male, n (%)

223 (53.1)

39 (54.9)

0.774

    

 Ages, mean ± SD

60.8 ± 16.4

60.0 ± 16.8

0.736

    

Total hospital stay, days (median, IQR)

20 (11–34)

15 (7–28)

0.013

    

Hospital stay before BSI, days (median, IQR)

3 (0–13)

7 (1–17)

0.028

    

Preexisting medical conditions

 Hypertension

115 (27.4)

23 (32.4)

0.385

    

 Diabetes

71 (16.9)

8 (11.4)

0.249

    

 Lung disease

5 (1.2)

3 (4.2)

0.173

    

 Cardiovascular diseases

10 (2.4)

1 (1.4)

0.937

    

 Hepatobiliary disease

110 (26.2)

27 (38.0)

0.040

0.034

1.890

1.048

3.410

 Urinary system disease

34 (8.1)

6 (8.5)

0.919

    

 Nervous system disease

13 (3.1)

2 (2.8)

> 0.050

    

 Malignant solid tumor

86 (20.5)

20 (28.2)

0.145

    

 Hematological Disease

63 (15.0)

11 (15.5)

0.914

    

Charlson comorbidity score b (median, IQR)

2 (0–2)

2 (1–3)

0.001

    

Source of infections

 Central venous catheterization

25 (6.0)

0 (0)

0.069

    

 Lung infection

82 (19.5)

26 (36.6)

0.001

0.071

1.781

0.951

3.336

 Abdominal infection

212 (50.5)

37 (52.1)

0.799

    

 Urinary infection

74 (17.6)

10 (14.1)

0.464

    

 Intracranial infection

4 (1.0)

1 (1.4)

0.544

    

 Skin infection

15 (3.6)

2 (2.8)

> 0.050

    

 Primary bloodstream infection

39 (9.3)

6 (8.5)

0.822

    

Nosocomial- acquired infection

252 (60.0)

52 (73.2)

0.034

    

ESBL-producing E. coli, n (%)

241 (57.4)

42 (59.2)

0.780

    

ICU stay prior to BSI a

30 (7.1)

6 (8.5)

0.696

    

ICU stay after BSI c

32 (7.6)

11 (15.5)

0.030

    

Prior surgery a

69 (16.4)

14 (19.7)

0.494

    

Surgery after BSI c

37 (8.8)

2 (2.8)

0.084

    

Invasive procedure and/or devices prior to BSI a

106 (25.2)

23 (32.4)

0.205

    

 Mechanical ventilation

14 (3.3)

4 (5.6)

0.540

    

 Central venous catheterization

48 (11.4)

14 (19.7)

0.052

    

 Urinary catheterization

47 (11.2)

13 (18.3)

0.090

    

 gastric catheterization

33 (7.9)

8 (11.3)

0.337

    

 Percutaneous catheterization

24 (5.7)

3 (4.2)

0.820

    

Invasive procedure and/or devices after BSI c

67 (16.0)

13 (18.3)

0.619

    

 Mechanical ventilation

29 (6.9)

14 (19.7)

< 0.001

    

 Central venous catheterization

108 (25.7)

32 (45.1)

0.001

    

 Urinary catheterization

103 (24.5)

27 (38.0)

0.017

    

 Gastric catheterization

73 (17.4)

19 (26.8)

0.061

    

 Percutaneous catheterization

47 (11.2)

7 (9.9)

0.740

    

Hemodialysis prior to BSI a

8 (1.9)

1 (1.4)

> 0.050

    

Chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to BSI a

65 (15.5)

12 (16.9)

0.760

    

Corticosteroid use prior to BSI a

28 (6.7)

8 (11.3)

0.169

    

Hemodialysis after BSI c

14 (3.3)

3 (4.2)

0.977

    

Corticosteroid use after BSI c

32 (7.6)

6 (8.5)

0.808

    

Prior Antibiotics use a

164 (39)

38 (53.5)

0.022

    

 Cepholosporins

43 (10.2)

5 (7.0)

0.402

    

 BLBLI combination antibiotics

72 (17.1)

16 (22.5)

0.273

    

 Tigecycline

3 (0.7)

2 (2.8)

0.321

    

 Carbapenems

25 (6.0)

12 (16.9)

0.001

0.016

2.839

1.215

6.635

 Aminoglycosides

2 (0.5)

1 (1.4)

0.375

    

 Quinolones

52 (12.4)

10 (14.0)

0.689

    

Laboratory examination b

 White blood cell (median, IQR)

9.1 (5.1–14.2)

9.6 (3.7–13.3)

0.849

    

 Platelet (median, IQR)

117 (52–192)

80 (37–177)

0.078

    

 Total protein (median, IQR)

58.9 (53.0–64.7)

53.9 (46.0–62.0)

< 0.001

0.006

0.959

0.931

0.988

Severity of illness at time of BSI b

 APACHEII score (median, IQR)

9 (6–12)

13 (9–17)

< 0.001

< 0.001

1.131

1.071

1.195

Appropriate empirical treatment after BSI c

389 (92.6)

60 (84.5)

0.024

    

 1. Cepholosporins

25 (6.0)

3 (4.2)

0.761

    

 2. BLBLI combination antibiotics

150 (35.7)

25 (35.2)

0.935

    

 3. Carbapenems

189 (45.0)

34 (47.9)

0.651

    

 4. Quinolones

49 (11.7)

6 (8.5)

0.427

    

 5. Aminoglycosides

12 (2.9)

2 (2.8)

> 0.050

    

 6. Tigecycline

5 (1.2)

2 (2.8)

0.598

    

Appropriate definitive treatments after BSI c

407 (96.9)

64 (90.1)

0.008

0.017

2.777

1.198

6.437

  1. Data are expressed as n (%) unless otherwise stated
  2. Abbreviations: ESBL extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) combination antibiotics, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, BSI bloodstream infection, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation
  3. aDuring the 30 days preceding BSI onset
  4. bAt time of BSI onset
  5. cAfter BSI onset
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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