Procedure | Point or Pooled estimate (OR, 95% CI) |
---|---|
Tracheal intubation (4 cohort studies & 4 case-control studies) | 6.6 (2.3–18.9) & 6.6 (4.1–10.6) |
Non-invasive ventilation (2 cohort studies) | 3.1 (1.4–6.8) |
Tracheotomy (1 case-control study) | 4.2 (1.5–11.5) |
Manual ventilation before intubation (1 cohort study) | 2.8 (1.3–6.4) |