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Table 3 Summary of findings for length of hospital stay outcomes [35]

From: Evaluation of the health and healthcare system burden due to antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli infections in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Burden of disease measure

Type of antimicrobial resistance

Number of participants (studiesa)

Absolute effect, sMD (95% CI)

Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)b

Commentc

Total LOS

Third-generation cephalosporin

888

(5 studies)

sMD not calculated due to considerable heterogeneity

Downgraded due to serious inconsistency and imprecision

Quinolone

646 (8 studies)

sMD not calculated due to substantial to considerable heterogeneity

Downgraded due to serious inconsistency and imprecision

MDR

–

–

–

Only reported in 1 study, meta-analysis and GRADE assessment not performed

Post-infection LOS

Third-generation cephalosporin

538 (2 studies)

7.16 days higher (2.76 higher to 11.57 higher)

Downgraded due to serious imprecision. Evidence to support upgrading outweighed by evidence to support downgrading.

Quinolone

–

–

–

Not reported

MDR

–

–

–

Not reported

  1. LOS, length of hospital stay; sMD, summary mean difference
  2. aAll studies were observational
  3. bGRADE assessment began at low instead of high, since studies were observational
  4. cDetails of GRADE assessment available in Additional file 23