|
Predictors
|
Ampicillin
|
Streptomycin
|
Sulfamethoxazole
|
Tetracycline
|
Trimethoprim
|
|---|
|
β [95% CI]
|
β [95% CI]
|
β [95% CI]
|
β [95% CI]
|
β [95% CI]
|
|---|
|
Night toilet type
| | | | | |
|
Ventilator improved pit
|
0.03 [− 0.95, 1.00]
|
0.46 [− 0.73, 1.64]
|
0.25 [− 0.65, 1.16]
|
− 0.59 [− 1.81, 0.64]
|
0.02 [− 0.81, 0.86]
|
|
Pit with concrete slab
|
0.24 [− 0.38, 0.86]
|
0.41 [− 0.35, 1.17]
|
0.18 [− 0.39, 0.76]
|
− 0.38 [− 1.17, 0.41]
|
0.06 [− 0.48, 0.59]
|
|
Traditional pit latrinea
|
0.00 [− 0.75, 0.75]
|
0.25 [− 0.66, 1.16]
|
0.14 [− 0.56, 0.84]
|
− 1.39 [− 2.33, − 0.45]
|
0.20 [-0.44, 0.85]
|
|
Bucket/plastic
|
− 0.08 [− 0.69, 0.53]
|
0.19 [− 0.55, 0.93]
|
− 0.01 [− 0.57, 0.56]
|
− 0.99 [− 1.77, − 0.21]
|
-0.17 [-0.70, 0.35]
|
|
No facilities/open field
|
− 0.07 [− 1.05, 0.91]
|
− 0.43 [− 1.63, 0.76]
|
− 0.19 [− 1.09, 0.72]
|
− 1.28 [− 2.56, 0.00]
|
-0.78 [− 1.63, 0.06]
|
|
Handwashing after urination
|
0.20 [0.03, 0.38]
|
0.06 [− 0.16, 0.27]
|
0.12 [− 0.04, 0.28]
|
0.08 [− 0.14, 0.31]
|
0.19 [0.04, 0.34]
|
|
Handwashing facility location
| | | | | |
|
Toilet within premises
|
0.12 [− 0.23, 0.47]
|
0.19 [− 0.24, 0.62]
|
0.17 [− 0.16, 0.50]
|
0.28 [− 0.18, 0.74]
|
0.28 [− 0.03, 0.58]
|
|
Elsewhere on premisesb
|
0.45 [0.12, 0.78]
|
0.39 [− 0.01, 0.79]
|
0.35 [0.05, 0.66]
|
0.26 [− 0.16, 0.68]
|
0.28 [0.00, 0.57]
|
|
Child eats soil
|
0.59 [0.27, 0.91]
|
0.52 [0.14, 0.91]
|
0.22 [− 0.08, 0.52]
|
0.80 [0.40, 1.21]
|
0.25 [− 0.03, 0.52]
|
|
Rainfall (per mm)
|
− 2.02 [− 3.28, − 0.76]
|
− 1.26 [− 2.80, 0.27]
|
− 0.69 [− 1.85, 0.47]
|
1.74 [0.07, 3.40]
|
− 0.82 [− 1.91, 0.27]
|
|
Altitude (10 m increments)
|
− 0.01 [− 0.01, 0.00]
|
0.00 [− 0.01, 0.01]
|
− 0.01 [− 0.01, 0.00]
|
− 0.01 [− 0.01, 0.00]
|
− 0.01 [− 0.01, 0.00]
|
|
Household used antibiotic
|
0.39 [− 0.07, 0.84]
|
0.22 [− 0.34, 0.77]
|
0.46 [0.04, 0.88]
|
0.10 [− 0.49, 0.69]
|
0.42 [0.02, 0.81]
|
- Only variables with P < 0·2 in the univariable mixed-effects model were included in the multivariable model. Regression estimates for increasing or decreasing antimicrobial load (positive or negative β coefficients, respectively) and 95% confidence intervals with P < 0·05 are shown in bold. Only variables with significant values are shown. See Additional file 6 for complete table
- aSingle pit covered by a wooden or earthen slab with a drop hole
- bOther than at a toilet facility or the household kitchen
