Table 2 Analysis of factors associated with carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolates in Germany

Year of sampling (per 1 year increase)

2014–2018

0.84

(0.77–0.91)

< 0.001

0.85

(0.79–0.93)

< 0.001

Care setting type

Outpatient clinics

1

–

–

1

–

–

Secondary care hospitals

3.91

(2.40–6.39)

< 0.001

3.59

(2.44–5.27)

< 0.001

Tertiary care hospitals

4.74

(2.31–9.74)

< 0.001

5.41

(2.93–9.99)

< 0.001

Specialist care hospitals

5.85

(3.23–10.61)

< 0.001

7.24

(3.90–13.43)

< 0.001

Prevention and rehabilitation care centres

7.21

(3.21–16.17)

< 0.001

9.58

(3.02–30.32)

< 0.001

Other hospitals

0.66

(0.11–4.17)

0.661

–*

–*

–*

German region

Northeast

0.37

(0.19–0.73)

0.004

0.25

(0.12–0.51)

< 0.001

Southeast

0.32

(0.17–0.61)

< 0.001

0.20

(0.11–0.36)

< 0.001

Southwest

0.42

(0.22–0.80)

0.008

0.31

(0.18–0.52)

< 0.001

West

1

–

–

1

–

–

Northwest

0.94

(0.33–2.66)

0.905

0.72

(0.37–1.40)

0.338

Patient gender

Female

1

–

–

1

–

–

Male

2.19

(1.70–2.84)

< 0.001

1.91

(1.55–2.36)

< 0.001

Patient age

< 1 year

0.08

(0.03–0.19)

< 0.001

0.06

(0.03–0.14)

< 0.001

1–19 years

0.20

(0.13–0.30)

< 0.001

0.21

(0.17–0.38)

< 0.001

20–39 years

1.17

(0.84–1.63)

0.359

1.56

(1.10–2.23)

0.014

40–59 years

1

–

–

1

–

–

60–79 years

0.92

(0.73–1.17)

0.487

0.96

(0.73–1.26)

0.775

80 ≥ years

0.31

(0.23–0.42)

< 0.001

0.37

(0.28–0.49)

< 0.001

Clinical specimen material

Upper respiratory

1

–

–

1

–

–

Lower respiratory

3.07

(2.45–3.84)

< 0.001

1.52

(1.21–1.91)

 < 0.001

Other respiratory

2.42

(1.42–4.13)

0.001

1.52

(0.95–2.43)

0.081

Blood

2.10

(1.32–3.34)

0.002

1.25

(0.91–1.73)

0.167

Wound

0.68

(0.52–0.90)

0.007

0.44

(0.33–0.59)

< 0.001

Urine

0.55

(0.43–0.71)

< 0.001

0.37

(0.27–0.51)

< 0.001

Other

1.13

(0.88–1.44)

0.345

0.89

(0.70–1.12)

0.317