Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
Age (years) | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.767 | |||
Sex, male | 0.71 | 0.34–1.49 | 0.378 | |||
LOS | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | < 0.001 | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | 0.002 |
ICU stay | 3.2 | 1.46–6.99 | 0.004 | |||
aDeaths | 5.5 | 1.77–17.01 | 0.003 | |||
Provenance of patient at admission | ||||||
Home | Ref. | |||||
LTHCF | 16.14 | 1.91–136 | 0.011 | |||
Other hospital | 0.76 | 0.14–3.99 | 0.754 | |||
Recent hospitalization | 3.02 | 0.98–9.34 | 0.054 | |||
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1.15 | 0.99–1.33 | 0.053 | |||
McCabe score, nonfatal vs. fatal disease and rapidly fatal disease | 2.12 | 1.08–4.14 | 0.027 | 5.45 | 1.87–15.89 | 0.002 |
Major surgery ≤ 30 days before hospitalization | 1.34 | 0.21–8.37 | 0.748 | |||
Major surgery during hospitalization | 1.75 | 0.79–3.87 | 0.167 | |||
Diagnosis at hospital admission | ||||||
Infection | ref | |||||
Polytrauma | 0.19 | 0.04–0.91 | 0.038 | |||
Cardiovascular disease | 1.12 | 0.45–2.79 | 0.800 | |||
Cancer | 0.42 | 0.0.4–3.94 | 0.449 | |||
Presence of intrinsic risk factors and comorbidity | ||||||
Chronic heart failure | 1.44 | 0.69–2.99 | 0.327 | |||
Hypertension | 1.04 | 0.49–2.21 | 0.899 | |||
Peripheral vascular disease | 2.47 | 1.15–5.28 | 0.019 | |||
Stroke or TIA | 1.55 | 0.73–3.28 | 0.247 | |||
Dementia | 2.06 | 0.95–4.43 | 0.064 | |||
COPD | 1.32 | 0.54–3.20 | 0.538 | |||
Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis | 0.73 | 0.18–2.90 | 0.657 | |||
Gastrointestinal disease | 0.54 | 0.24–1.19 | 0.130 | |||
Solid neoplasia | 1.10 | 0.51–2.37 | 0.794 | |||
CKD | 0.70 | 0.32–1.52 | 0.370 | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 1.54 | 0.70–3.38 | 0.277 | |||
Disability | ||||||
No disability | ref | |||||
Partial | 2.26 | 0.90–5.65 | 0.79 | |||
Bedridden | 5.29 | 1.85–15.12 | 0.002 | |||
Permanent devices | 4.52 | 1.55–13.22 | 0.006 | 10.15 | 2.27–45.39 | 0.002 |
Presence of extrinsic risk factors | ||||||
Central vascular catheterization | 10.37 | 3.93–27.32 | < 0.001 | |||
PICC or midline | 4.52 | 1.55–13.22 | 0.006 | |||
Urinary catheter | 7.23 | 2.91–17.96 | < 0.001 | 4.96 | 1.52–16.19 | 0.008 |
Naso-gastric tube | 4.16 | 1.57–10.99 | 0.004 | |||
PEG | 11.12 | 1.25–98–33 | 0.030 | |||
Tracheostomy | 10.54 | 2.79–39.75 | 0.001 | |||
Mechanical ventilation | 3.38 | 1.19–9.61 | 0.022 | 40.01 | 4.05–395.1 | 0.002 |
Dialysis | 2.07 | 0.40–10.70 | 0.385 | |||
Blood transfusion | 0.88 | 0.38–2.03 | 0.781 | |||
Antibiotics ≤ 30 days before hospitalization | 2.22 | 0.81–6.06 | 0.119 | |||
Chemotherapy | 4.46 | 1.06–18.76 | 0.041 | |||
Corticosteroid therapy | 2.75 | 1.20–6.29 | 0.016 | |||
Antibiotics during hospitalization | 8.26 | 1.86–36–72 | 0.005 | |||
3GC | 1.90 | 0.90–4.01 | 0.089 | |||
Carbapenems | 6.66 | 2.19–20.20 | 0.001 | 5.39 | 1.14–25.44 | 0.033 |
Penicillins | 1.93 | 0.90–4.11 | 0.088 | |||
Fluoroquinolones | 2.09 | 0.86–5.08 | 0.101 | |||
Glycopeptides | 3.5 | 1.44–8.48 | 0.006 | |||
Polytherapy | 4.65 | 2.13–10.14 | < 0.001 | |||
Number of antibiotics used in the hospitalization, mean ± SD (range) | 1.73 | 1.36–2.19 | < 0.001 |