Table 1 Antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli isolates from humans, chickens and farm/market environments in Abuja—Nigeria, 2019
Drug class | Drug | Resistance break point µg/mL | Human n = 47 (%) | Chicken n = 36 (%) | Environment n = 27 (%) | Total n = 110 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tetracyclines | Tetracycline | ≤ 11 | 39 (83.0) | 35 (97.2) | 27 (100.0) | 101 (91.8) |
Folate Pathway antagonists | Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim | ≤ 10 | 39 (83.0) | 31 (86.1) | 24 (88.9) | 94 (85.5) |
Penicillins | Ampicillin | ≤ 13 | 36 (76.6) | 31 (86.1) | 20 (74.1) | 87 (79.1) |
Quinolones | Nalidixic acid | ≤ 13 | 26 (55.3) | 27 (75.0) | 19 (70.4) | 72 (65.5) |
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin | ≤ 11 | 35 (74.5) | 30 (83.3) | 22 (81.5) | 87 (79.1) |
Gentamicin | ≤ 12 | 20 (42.5) | 27 (75.0) | 16 (59.3) | 63 (57.3) | |
Phenicols | Chloramphenicol | ≤ 12 | 15 (31.9) | 17 (47.2) | 7 (25.9) | 39 (35.5) |
1st Generation Cephalosporins | Cephalothin | ≤ 14 | 13 (27.7) | 15 (41.7) | 5 (18.5) | 33 (30.0) |
Nitrofurans | Nitrofurantoin | ≤ 14 | 5 (10.6) | 13 (36.1) | 8 (29.6) | 26 (23.6) |
Carbapenems | Imipenem | ≤ 19 | 3 (6.4) | 6 (16.7) | 3 (11.1) | 12 (10.9) |
B-lactam inhibitors | Amoxicillin-clavulanate | ≤ 13 | 2 (4.3) | 5 (13.9) | 3 (11.1) | 10 (9.1) |
3rd and 4th Generation Cephalosporins | Ceftriaxone | ≤ 19 | 3 (6.4) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (3.7) | 5 (4.6) |
Cefuroxime | ≤ 14 | 4 (8.5) | 3 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 7 (6.4) | |
Cefotaxime | ≤ 22 | 4 (8.5) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (3.7) | 6 (5.5) | |
Ceftazidime | ≤ 17 | 4 (8.5) | 2 (5.6) | 5 (18.5) | 11 (10.0) | |
Polymyxin | Colistin | ≤ 11 | 7 (14.9) | 3 (8.3) | 3 (11.1) | 13 (11.8) |
Resistance to 3 or more classes of antibiotics | MDR | n/a | 39 (82.9) | 35 (97.2) | 27 (100) | 101(91.8) |