Table 7 An overview of all the water baths related outbreaks in hospitals
Study | Country | Strain | N of cultures (%) | N of cases | Mortality, N (%) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muyldermans et al. [77] | Belgium | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | NA | 4 | 3 (75.0) | Water bath to warm fresh frozen plasma and human albumin |
Casewell et al. [78] | England | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 2 out of 9 experiments (22.0) | 1 | 1 (100.0) | Water bath’s water |
Yuen et al. [79] | Hong Kong | 1. Acinetobacter anitratus 2. Pseudomonas putida 3. Bacilus subtilis 4. Pseudomonas paucimobilis 5. Trichosporon beigelii 6. Corynebacterium sp. 7. Candida tropicalis | All 3 water baths (100.0) | 5 patients with Candida tropicalis | 3 (60.0) | Water bath’s water likely contaminated the nurses’fingers. In addition, removable metal grid was not cleaned at the bottom, because personnel assumed it was fixed to the base |