Real-world experience of how chlorhexidine bathing affects the acquisition and incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a medical intensive care unit with VRE endemicity: a prospective interrupted time-series study

Table 2 Baseline demographics, rates of the device-associated infections, and acquisition and incidence of MDROs in patients in the MICU during the study period

	MICU
	Pre-intervention (26 weeks)	Intervention (26 weeks)	p-value
No. of patients	259	242
Age, years, median (IQR),	74 (62–81)	73 (57–81)	0.146^d
Male, n (%)	155 (59.8)	140 (57.9)	0.650^e
APACHE II score, median (IQR)	18 (13–23)	24 (16–32)	< 0.001^d
VRE rectal carriage on ICU admission, n (%)	17 (6.6)	11 (4.5)	0.326^e
Receipt of surgery, n (%)	95 (36.7)	81 (33.5)	0.452^e
Length of MICU stay, days, median (IQR)	13 (11–15)	13 (11–15)	0.723^d
Length of hospital stay, days, median (IQR)	25 (17–49)	24 (14–45)	0.699^d
In-hospital mortality, n (%)	98 (37.8)	77 (31.8)	0.158^e
Device utilization ratio^a
Mechanical ventilator	0.50	0.63	< 0.001^e
Urinary catheter	0.97	0.93	0.226^e
Central venous catheter	0.64	0.63	0.927^e
Device-related infections^b
CLA-BSI	1.25	1.28	0.983^e
CA-UTI, n (%)	1.95	2.40	0.781^e
VRE acquisition rate by weekly active surveillance culture^c
Rectal VRE	20.17	9.34	< 0.001^e
MDRO incidence rate by clinical cultures^c
VRE	5.11	1.60	0.006^e
MRSA	5.11	7.74	0.104^e
CRAB	11.02	11.20	0.850^e

CA-UTI, catheter-associated urinary tract infection; CLA-BSI, central line associated blood stream infection; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; MDROs, multidrug-resistant organisms; MICU, medical intensive care unit; CRAB, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia; VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci
^aDevice utilization ratio is calculated by dividing the number of device-days by the number of patient-days, unless otherwise stated
^bThe data are expressed as the total number of cases of device-associated infections per 1000 device-days, unless otherwise stated
^cThe data are expressed as the number of isolates per 1000 patient-days, unless otherwise stated
^dStudent’s t-test
^eChi-square test

ISSN: 2047-2994