Impact of environmental hygiene interventions on healthcare-associated infections and patient colonization: a systematic review

Table 1 Healthcare environmental hygiene intervention studies; quality scoring scale; systematic review

Scale	0	1	2	3	4
Study design	Before and after (retrospective, no control)	Before and after (prospective, no control)	Quasi experimental (retrospective, control)	Quasi experimental (prospective, control, not randomized)	Randomized controlled trial (prospective)
Sample size	Less than the above numbers/N/A	Over 10 patients/over 100 patient-days/over 100 room cleanings	Over 100 patients/over 1000 patient-days/over 1000 room cleanings	Over 1000 patients/over 10,000 patient-days/over 10,000 room cleanings	Over 10,000 patients/100,000 patient-days/100,000 room cleans
Control	No	N/A [1]	Proxy control/not well-executed	N/A	Yes
Adjusted for confounding factors	Not at all	N/A	Somewhat	N/A	Yes
Issues with reporting, including conflict of interest	Major COI^a and clear issues with data reporting	No/minor COI but clear issues with data reporting or major COI and minor issues with data reporting	No/minor COI but minor issues with data reporting or major COI and seemingly transparent data reporting	Minor COI and seemingly transparent data reporting	No COI and seemingly transparent data reporting

Studies were scored from a possible total of 20 points. Grade A was given for 16–20 points, B for 11–15 points, C for 6–10 points, and D for 0–5 points
N/A not available, COI conflict of interest
^aMajor COI referred to if over half of the study authors were funded by industry to conduct the study

ISSN: 2047-2994