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Table 3 Proportion of WHO global priority AMR pathogens causing bloodstream infections

From: Blood culture utilization and epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant bloodstream infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indonesian national referral hospital

Priority AMR pathogens*

Year 2019

Year 2020

P values

Non COVID-19 cases

COVID-19 cases**

P values

Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter spp.

46% (48/105)

48.7%

(77/158)

0.56

48.2%

(123/255)

25%

(2/8)

0.29

Carbapenem resistant

P. aeruginosa

27% (17/64)

24.2%

(24/99)

0.74

26%

(41/158)

0%

(0/5)

0.33

Carbapenem resistant *** K. pneumoniae

34%

(75/218)

38%

(85/224)

0.44

35.9%

(155/432)

50%

(5/10)

0.51

3rd Cephalosporin resistant ***

K. pneumoniae

85.3%

(186/218)

82.5%

(185/224)

0.43

83.8%

(362/432)

90%

(9/10)

> 0.99

Carbapenem resistant ***

E. coli

16.3%

(21/129)

10.8%

(13/120)

0.21

13%

(31/240)

34%

(3/9)

0.11

3rd Cephalosporin resistant ***

E. coli

76%

(98/129)

74.2%

(89/120)

0.74

75%

(180/240)

77.8%

(7/9)

> 0.99

Vancomycin resistant

E. faecium

0%

(0/7)

20%

(1/5)

0.42

8.3%

(1/12)

0%

(0/0)

 

Methicillin resistant

S. aureus

3.4%

(3/88)

9.2%

(12/131)

0.11

6.9%

(15/216)

0%

(0/3)

> 0.99

Fluoroquinolone resistant

Salmonella spp.

17.9%

(5/28)

5.9%

(1/17)

0.38

13.3%

(6/45)

0%

(0/0)

> 0.99

Fluoroquinolone resistant

Shigella spp.

100%

(1/1)

0%

(0/0)

 

100%

(1/1)

0%

(0/0)

 

Penicillin resistant

S. pneumoniae

50%

(1/2)

0%

(0/1)

> 0.99

50%

(1/2)

0%

(0/1)

> 0.99

Overall****

55.9%

(359/642)

51.5%

(389/755)

0.10

53.6%

(730/1361)

50%

(18/36)

0.67

  1. CO Community-origin, HO Hospital-origin
  2. CO and HO were defined as proposed by WHO GLASS [18])
  3. *Only the first pathogenic isolate per patient during the study period was included
  4. **All COVID-19 cases were in 2020
  5. ***All carbapenem-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae were also resistant to 3rd cephalosporin cephalosporin
  6. ****Among patients with blood culture positive for Acinetobacter spp., P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. faecium, S. aureus, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp or S. pneumoniae