Clinical risk factors for admission with Pseudomonas and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas community-acquired pneumonia

Table 4 Risk ratio of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas isolates (N = 161)

	RR (95% CI)	p value
COPD diagnosis
Pre-existing COPD	0.71 (0.35, 1.45)	0.349
No COPD diagnosis	Ref	Ref
Stroke
Yes	2.64 (1.51, 4.61)	0.0006
No	Ref	Ref
Dependence on supplemental oxygen
Yes	2.31 (1.30, 4.12)	0.005
No	Ref	Ref
10-year increase in age	0.83 (0.69, 0.99)	0.043

Antipseudomonal antibiotic classes with specific antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin); 3^rd/4^th-generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime or cefepime); aminoglycosides (tobramycin or amikacin or gentamicin); carbapenem (imipenem or meropenem)
Multidrug-resistance: non-susceptibility (resistance or intermediate susceptibility) to at least one antibiotic in three or more antipseudomonal antibiotics classes above
CAP: community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, RR: risk ratio
p-values in bold are < 0.05
Model adjusted for age, diagnosis for dependence on supplemental oxygen diagnosis, stroke out of the 167 patients who had culture-positive Pseudomonas isolates, 6 did not have antibiotics susceptibility data, 36 were MDR, and 125 were non-MDR

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