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Table 3 Self-reported overall hand hygiene compliance based on (a) single item and (b) WHO-5-items ((c) = difference)

From: Do task and item difficulty affect overestimation of one’s hand hygiene compliance? A cross-sectional survey of physicians and nurses in surgical clinics of six hospitals in Germany

Variable

Range

 

Physicians (N = 93)

Nurses (N = 225)

pµ

(a) Single item rate

(0 to 100)

N§

85

141

 
  

Mean Rate

87.2%

84.4%

0.197

  

95%-CI

84.3%|90.0%

81.5%|87.2%

 
  

Median

90%

90%

0.372’

  

Mode

90%

80%

 
  

Std. Dev

13.4

17.0

0.110

  

IQR

80%|100%

80%|99%

 
  

Skewness

−1.6

−1.9

 
  

Kurtosis

3.4

4.9

 

(b) WHO-5-based rate~

(0 to 100)

N§

85

141

 
  

Mean Rate

84.1%

85.5%

0.461

  

95%-CI

81.3%|87.0%

83.3%|87.7%

 
  

Median

85%

89%

0.296’

  

Mode

100%

100%

 
  

Std. Dev

13.0

13.5

0.881

  

IQR

77%|94%

79%|95%

 
  

Skewness

−1.3

−1.7

 
  

Kurtosis

2.3

4.3

 

(c) Difference (a)–(b)

(−100 to 100)

N§

85

141

 
  

Mean Rate

3.1%

−1.1%

0.022

  

95%-CI

0.2%|5.8%

−3.3%|1.0%

 
  

Median

1%

0%

0.099’

  

Mode

0%

0%

 
  

Std. Dev

13.4

12.8

0.910

  

IQR

−3.2%|7.1%

−8.3%|5.8

 
  

Skewness

1.5

−0.6

 
  

Kurtosis

6.7

2.6

 
  1. §Any totals not adding up to column header due to missing values
  2. µp-value for comparison between physicians and nurses
  3. ~Calculated based on the mean proportions shown in Table A1 (see Additional file 1-document) as weights
  4. ’Mann–Whitney-U-Test