Identifying and addressing challenges to antimicrobial use surveillance in the human health sector in low- and middle-income countries: experiences and lessons learned from Tanzania and Uganda

Table 1 Recommendations for systematic capacity building for AMU surveillance in Tanzania and Uganda *

	National level recommendation	Health facility recommendation	Expense	Cost of PPS for antibiotic use in 6 Tanzania Hospitals (USD)	Cost of PPS for antibiotic use in 13 Uganda hospitals (USD)
Structure, Systems, and roles	Strengthen AMU surveillance of the AMS TWC	Hospital AMS teams
	National plan	Hospital AMU plans	Training data collectors
	Strengthen the implementation of policies and regulations on antibiotic use	Appoint hospital committees	Participants per diems, meals, transportation	6555	2493
	Standard operating procedures	Routine monitoring of antibiotic use to be part of antibiotic stewardship program
	Advocacy		Data collection activities
	Identify resources
	Partner engagement		Per diems & accommodation	11,474	5,342
	Private sector engagement		Transportation	11,474	5,342
Staff and Infrastructure	National plan for AMR education, including both pre-service and in-service trainings	Set up hospital AMS programs	Stationery	421	1,521
		Hospital AMS teams set up
		Implement AMS quality improvement projects
Skills	Enforcement of mandatory CPDs on AMR for annual licensing	Integrated training	Data analysis (consultant)	10,530	10,000
Skills	Strengthen accreditation and licensing	Create AMR awareness
Tools	Standardization of tools	Electronic tools
	Automation of tools	Avail data on AMS
	Aligning tools with existing HMIS	Develop tools for data collection in the outpatient departments
	Systems for data sharing		Total	38,838	24,945

ISSN: 2047-2994