Table 4 Quality assessment results (Cross-sectional studies)
Study | Inclusion criteria | Subjects and Settings | Exposure measure | Measurement of the condition | Confounding factors | Dealing with confounding factors | Outcomes measure | Statistical analysis | Total quality scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[12] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[13] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 |
[14] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[15] | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Not applicable | No | Unclear | No | Yes | 4/8 |
[16] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[17] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 |
[18] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[20] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 |
[21] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 |
[22] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 8/8 |
[23] | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Unclear | 3/8 |
[24] | No | Yes | Unclear | Not applicable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | 5/8 |
[25] | No | Yes | Unclear | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Yes | 4/8 |
[26] | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 5/8 |
[27] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[28] | No | Yes | Unclear | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Yes | 4/8 |
[29] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 |
[30] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[31] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[32] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | 5/8 |
[33] | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 5/8 |
[34] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[35] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[37] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 |
[38] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | No | Yes | 5/8 |
[39] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | 7/8 |
[40] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[41] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[42] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[43] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 6/8 |
[44] | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | Unclear | Yes | Yes | 5/8 |