Reference | Country | Duration | Bacteria species studied | Antimicrobial studied | Sample type | AMR / AMC correlated (lag) | R² of the model |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aldeyab 2008 | UK | 60 months | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples from patients in the unit for > 48 hours, with deduplication + nasopharyngeal screening samples | MRSA / Macrolides (4 months), Fluoroquinolones (1 month)1, 3rd generation cephalosporins (2 months) and Amoxicillin – Clavulanic Acid (1 month) | 78% 2 |
Bertrand 2012 | France | 108 months | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples from patients in the unit for > 48h or positive in the previous 12 months with deduplication | MRSA / Macrolides (2 months), Fluoroquinolones (2 months), Aminoglycoside (1 month) | 41%2 |
Conlon-birgham 2019 | UK | 72 months | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples from patients in the unit for > 48 hours, with deduplication of following 7 days samples + nasopharyngeal screening samples | MRSA / Macrolides (1 month), Fluoroquinolones (3 months) and Piperacillin-Tazobactam (1 month) | UC |
Erdeljić 2011 | Croatia | 15 months | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Ciprofloxacin and Carbapenems | All types of samples | Resistance to Ciprofloxacin / Ciprofloxacin (1month) Resistance to Meropenem / Meropenem (0 months) Resistance to Cefepime / Cefepime (2 months) P.aeruginosa MDR / Meropenem (0 months) | UC |
Gharbi 2015 | UK | 72 months | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Meropenem | All types of samples + rectal screening sample | K. pneumoniae OXA-48 / Meropenem (1 year) | 79% |
Hocquet 2008 | France | 84 months | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Cephalosporins, Penicillins, Carbapenems | All types of samples with deduplication | P. aeruginosa displaying MexXY-OprM overproduction / aminoglycoside (0,3,4,6 months) fluoroquinolone (0,5 and 6 months) and antipseudomonal cephalosporin (2 months) P. aeruginosa displaying MexXY-OprM overproduction (negative correlation) / non-antipseudomonal cephalosporin (0,2 and months), penicillin (0,1,3 and 5 months) and carbapenem (0,2,5 and 6 months) | 81% |
Hsueh 2005 | Taiwan | 13 years | Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Cefotaxime, ceftazidime | All types of samples with deduplication in the following 7 days | Cefotaxime resistant E.coli / cefotaxime (NS) Ceftazidime resistant P.aeruginosa / Ceftazidime (NS) | UC |
Kaier 2009 | Germany | 34 months | Escherichia coli, Enterobacter Cloacae, Klebsiella sp. Acinetobacter sp., Citrobacter sp. | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples from patients in the unit for > 48 hours, with deduplication + rectal screening sample | ESBL / 3rd generation Cephalosporins (3 months), Fluoroquinolones (1 month) | 75%2 |
Kaier 2009 | Germany | 58 months | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples from patients in the unit for > 48 hours, with deduplication | MRSA /2nd generation Cephalosporins (1 month), 3rd generation Cephalosporins (3–4 months), Fluoroquinolones (4 month), Lincosamides (2 months) | 66%2 |
Kousovista 2021 | Greece | 48 months | Acinetobacter baumannii | Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, Meropenem, Colistin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam | All types of samples with deduplication | Resistance to Meropenem / Meropenem (2 month), Resistance to Ciprofloxacin / Ciprofloxacin (1 month), Resistance to Cefepime / Cefepime (2 months) | 63% 66% 62% |
Kritsotakis 2008 | Greece | 84 months | Enterococcus sp. | Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, Carbapenems, Glycopeptides, Metronidazole, Clindamycin | All types of samples with deduplication + rectal screening sample | ERV / glycopeptides (1 month), 3rd generation Cephalosporins (1 month), Fluoroquinolones (2 months) ERV (negative correlation) / Amoxicillin- Clavulanic Acid (6 months) | 56% |
Laffont-Lozes 2023 | France | 72 months | Escherichia coli | Penicillins, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, Carbapenems, Aminoglycosides, Sulfonamides | All types of samples from patients in the unit for > 48h or positive in the previous 1 months with deduplication | Resistance to Fluoroquinolones / Fluoroquinolones (0 to 5 months), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (0 to 3 months) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid resistance / Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (0 to 1 months) Penicillins resistance / 3rd generation Cephalosporins (5 and 8 months), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (0 and 5 months), Carbapenem (0 month) Cephalosporins resistance / 4rd generation Cephalosporins (0 month), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (0 to 2 months), Fluoroquinolones (0 to 4 months) | 54% 53% 36% 15% |
Lee 2012 | Taiwan | 84 months | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples with deduplication | MRSA / penicillins, including b-lactamase inhibitors (1 month) | 26%2 |
Lepper 2002 | Germany | 48 months | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Imipenem, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Ciprofloxacin, Piperacillin-Tazobactam | All types of samples | Resistance to Ceftazidime / Imipenem (0 and 1 month) Resistance to Piperacillin-tazobactam / Imipenem (0 and 1 month), Resistance to imipenem / Imipenem (0 and 1 month) | UC |
López-Lozano 2000 | Spain | 90 months | Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp. | Ceftazidime and Imipenem | All types of samples with deduplication | Gram-negative bacilli Resistant to 3rd generation Cephalosporins / Ceftazidime (1 month) Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to Imipenem / Imipenem (1 month) | 44% 63% |
Mahamat 2005 | France | 84 months | Escherichia coli | Fluoroquinolones | Cytobacteriological urine examination with deduplication | Resistance to Ofloxacin / Ofloxacin (4 months), Ciprofloxacin (4 months) Resistance to Ciprofloxacin / Ciprofloxacin (4 months), Ofloxacin (4 months) | 64% 40% |
Mahamat 2007 | UK | 96 months | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples with deduplication | MRSA / Macrolides (5 months), Fluoroquinolones (2 months) | UC |
Monnet 2004 | UK | 55 months | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples except for nasopharyngeal screening samples | MRSA / 3rd generation Cephalosporins (4–7 months), Macrolides (1–3 months), Fluoroquinolones (4–5 months) | 90% |
O’Riordan 2022 | Ireland | 16 quarters | Enterobacterales and Enterococcus faecium | ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ertapenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole and aztreonam; vancomycin | All types of samples with deduplication | E.coli 3rd generation Cephalosporins resistant (negative correlation) / Piperacillin-tazobactam (0 and 1 quarter) | 86% |
Ortiz-Brizuela 2020 | Mexico | 66 months | Enterobacterales | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples with deduplication | Resistance to Carbapenem non-susceptible Enterobacterales / Piperacillin- Tazobactam (6 months) Resistance to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae/ Piperacillin- Tazobactam (6 months) Resistance to OXA-232 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae / Piperacillin- Tazobactam (6 months) | 21% 19% 24% |
Qu 2019 | China | 60 months | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Doxycycline, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems | All types of samples with deduplication | Resistance to Carbapenems / Cephalosporins (0 and 1 quarter), Meropenem (0 and 1 quarter), Doxycyclin (2 quarters) | 46–94% (according to antibiotic studied) |
Tansarli 2018 | Greece | 174 months | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Colistin | Blood culture | Resistance to Colistin / Colistin (1 quarter) | 69% |
Tóth 2019 | Hungary | 142 months | Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii | Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Colistin | All types of samples, with deduplication during the following month | E.coli: Resistance to Cephalosporins / Cephalosporins (1 month and 4 months) Klebsiella pneumoniae: Resistance to Cephalosporins/Cephalosporins (4 months and 5 months) Resistance to Carbapenems/Carbapenems (6 months) Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Resistance to Cephalosporins/Cephalosporins (0 months) Resistance to Carbapenems/Carbapenems (0 months and 1 month) Acinetobacter baumannii: Resistance to Carbapenems/Carbapenems (4 months) | UC |
Vernaz 2008 | Switzerland | 80 months | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples with deduplication | MRSAÂ / Fluoroquinolones (1 month), Macrolides (1 and 4 month), Cephalosporins (3 to 5 month), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (3 month) | 57%2 |
Vibet 2015 | France | 84 months | Enterobacterales | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples from patients in the unit for > 48 hours, with deduplication | ESBL / 3rd and 4th-generation cephalosporins (5 months), Fluoroquinolones (3 months), Lincosamides (1 months), other antibacterial agents (4 months), Tetracyclines (3 months) ESBL (negative correlation) / Nitrofurantoin (1month), Ticarcillin and piperacillin with or without enzyme inhibitor (4 month) | UC |
Wang 2021 | China | 90 months | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Penicillins, Penicillins + β-lactamases inhibitor, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Sulfonamides | All types of samples with deduplication | Resistance to Amikacin / Amikacin (0 months) Resistance to Ciprofloxacin / Ciprofloxacin (0 months) | 45% 62% |
Willmann 2013 | Germany | 120 months | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Carbapenems, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones and Piperacillin-Tazobactam | All types of samples with deduplication | Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to one or two antimicrobials classes / Cephalosporins (0 months) Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to 3 or 4 antimicrobials classes / Meropenem (1 month) | UC |
Zhang 2018 | China | 28 quarters | Staphylococcus aureus | All classes of antimicrobials | All types of samples with deduplication | MRSA / Monobactam (2 quarters), Imidazole (1 quarter), sulfonamides (1 quarter) MRSA (negative correlation) / Glycopeptides (0 quarter), Oxazolidinone (2 quarters) aminoglycosides (2 quarters) | UC |