Table 2 Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies at baseline
Characteristic | Seroprevalence | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis¥ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
Gender | Female | 14.2 | 1 | 1 |
Male | 12.6 | 0.87 (0.63–1.18) | 1.08 (0.77–1.52) | |
Age category |  ≤ 35 | 15.2 | 1.45 (1.08–1.97) | 1.53 (1.07–2.18) |
36–49 | 11.0 | 1 | 1 | |
 ≥ 50 | 15.3 | 1.47 (1.09–1.98) | 1.38 (0.96–1.99) | |
Hospital staff role | Physician | 9.9 | 1 | 1 |
Nurse | 17.9 | 1.98 (1.30–3.11) | 2.21 (1.34–3.64) | |
Administrative | 14.2 | 1.50 (0.96–2.43) | 1.87 (1.02–3.43) | |
Other | 11.4 | 1.17 (0.76–1.85) | 1.32 (0.79–2.20) | |
Direct contact with patients* | No patient contact | 11.8 | 1 | 1 |
With non-COVID patients | 12.5 | 1.07 (0.75–1.54) | 1.23 (0.78–1.92) | |
With COVID patient | 15.5 | 1.38 (1.03–1.85) | 1.15 (0.73–1.79) | |
COVID-19 dedicated ward | Intensive to medium care | 9.5 | 0.61 (0.41–0.88) | 0.47 (0.31–0.71) |
Emergency | 20.0 | 1.61 (1.03–2.42) | 1.79 (1.10–2.91) | |
Infectious disease | 16.1 | 1.21 (0.75–1.87) | 1.45 (0.85–2.48) | |
Pulmonology | 14.3 | 1.04 (0.68–1.54) | 0.75 (0.47–1.21) | |
Smoker | No | 14.9 | 1 | 1 |
Former | 13.2 | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 0.83 (0.62–1.12) | |
Current | 7.7 | 0.47 (0.26–0.80) | 0.42 (0.23–0.76) | |
Chronic respiratory disease | 7.2 | 0.46 (0.24–0.81) | 0.52 (0.28–0.96) | |
Diabetes Mellitus | 21.9 | 1.75 (0.70–3.88) | 2.67 (1.08–6.62) | |
Cardiovascular disease | 16.8 | 1.29 (0.84–1.90) | 1.98 (0.97–4.02) | |
Immune disorder |  | 13.7 | 0.99 (0.40–2.07) | 1.69 (0.66–4.32) |
Use of NSAID |  | 1.5 | 0.52 (0.18–1.18) | 0.50 (0.19–1.34) |
Use of antihypertensive medications |  | 13.8 | 0.99 (0.59–1.58) | 0.49 (0.21–1.13) |
Use of immunosuppressants |  | 5.3 | 0.34 (0.08–0.93) | 0.31 (0.08–1.15) |
Influenza vaccine season 2019/20 |  | 11.5 | 0.68 (0.54–0.87) | 0.78 (0.59–1.01) |
Travel to other European country* |  | 15.3 | 1.17 (0.90–1.51) | 1.28 (0.97–1.69) |
Number of household members# | 1 | 14.7 | 1 | 1 |
2 | 12.6 | 0.84 (0.57–1.26) | 0.75 (0.49–1.15) | |
3 | 12.8 | 0.85 (0.54–1.36) | 0.93 (0.56–1.56) | |
4 | 15.1 | 1.03 (0.70–1.56) | 1.15 (0.71–1.85) | |
 ≥ 5 | 15.4 | 1.06 (0.66–1-69) | 1.27 (0.74–2.16) | |
Children ≤ 11 yrs in the household | No | 14.5 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 13.9 | 0.82 (0.63–1.07) | 0.75 (0.52–1.09) | |
Dog owner | No | 14.4 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 11.6 | 0.78 (0.56–1.06) | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | |
Cat owner | No | 14.7 | 1 | 1 |
Cat indoor only | 11.5 | 0.75 (0.53–1.04) | 0.81 (0.57–1.15) | |
Cat in- and outdoor | 10.1 | 0.65 (0.35–1.13) | 0.75 (0.40–1.38) | |
Province of residence | North Brabant | 19.5 | 1 | 1 |
North Holland | 11.7 | 0.54 (0.30–0.91) | 0.49 (0.21–1.14) | |
South Holland | 10.3 | 0.47 (0.34–0.65) | 0.44 (0.26–0.74) | |
Gelderland | 8.5 | 0.38 (0.25–0.57) | 0.36 (0.19–0.68) | |
Limburg | 17.0 | 0.84 (0.56–1.25) | 0.84 (0.40–1.76) | |
Groningen | 3.2 | 0.14 (0.05–0.30) | 0.13 (0.04–0.40) | |