Table 3 Disinfectants used in this study and their corresponding mechanism of action and MIC values
|  | Strain | MIC (μg/mL) before evolution | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) | Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) | Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) | Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) | Ethanol | ||
|  | Primary mechanism of action* | Oxidation of thiol groups and disulfide bonds of proteins | Inactivation of energy-producing enzymes, denaturation of essential cell proteins, and disruption of cell membrane | DNA damage and protein denaturation by oxidation | Phospholipid destruction and oxidation | Membrane damage and denaturation of protein |
Multidrug-resistant | ||||||
1 | SAL02010 | 56 | 11 | 116 | 68 | 100,000 |
2 | SAL02073 | 64 | 11 | 116 | 98 | 140,000 |
3 | SAL02152 | 64 | 10.5 | 116 | 86 | 130,000 |
4 | SAL02135 | 64 | 12 | 116 | 86 | 140,000 |
5 | SAL02304 | 64 | 10.5 | 116 | 92 | 140,000 |
6 | SAL02249 | 64 | 9.5 | 116 | 92 | 140,000 |
7 | SAL02214 | 64 | 11.5 | 116 | 92 | 130,000 |
8 | SAL02239 | 68 | 12.5 | 116 | 92 | 140,000 |
9 | SAL02683 | 64 | 9.5 | 116 | 92 | 120,000 |
10 | SAL02041 | 64 | 11 | 68 | 86 | 140,000 |
11 | SAL02047 | 64 | 9 | 116 | 92 | 120,000 |
Drug-resistant | ||||||
12 | SAL02000 | 64 | 9.5 | 116 | 92 | 140,000 |
13 | SAL02003 | 64 | 11 | 116 | 92 | 140,000 |
14 | SAL02005 | 64 | 10 | 116 | 92 | 120,000 |
15 | SAL02006 | 64 | 10 | 116 | 92 | 120,000 |
16 | SAL02008 | 64 | 12 | 116 | 98 | 140,000 |
17 | SAL02219 | 64 | 10 | 116 | 80 | 120,000 |
18 | SAL02030 | 64 | 11.5 | 116 | 92 | 140,000 |
29 | SAL02069 | 64 | 11.5 | 116 | 92 | 140,000 |
20 | SAL02203 | 64 | 10.5 | 116 | 92 | 140,000 |
Susceptible | ||||||
21 | SAL01711 | 60 | 10.5 | 116 | 80 | 120,000 |
22 | SAL02017 | 60 | 9.5 | 56 | 86 | 100,000 |
23 | SAL02046 | 60 | 10 | 116 | 92 | 130,000 |
24 | SAL02070 | 60 | 11 | 116 | 104 | 140,000 |
25 | SAL02685 | 58 | 9 | 116 | 56 | 140,000 |
Reference strain | ||||||
26 | ATCC 14028 | 64 | 10 | 104 | 92 | 100,000 |
27 | D23580 | 64 | 12 | 128 | 104 | 140,000 |