Table 4 Antibiotic resistance profiles of evolved strains that showed MIC changes after exposure to disinfectants
Strain | Â | Phenotypic resistance | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Î’-lactam | Aminoglycoside | Tetracycline | Macrolide | Quinolone | Phenicol | Folate inhibitor | Cephem | Carbapenem | |||||
Multidrug-resistant | ST | AMP | AMC (2:1) | GEN | KAN | STR | TET | AZI | NAL | CIP | CHL | TST (1:19) | CF | CX | IMI |
SAL02010 | 34 | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol |  | R | S | S | S | I | R | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
SAL02073 | 34 | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | R | S | R | R | S | R | I | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
SAL02152 | 34 | R | R | S | R | R | R | S | R | S | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | R | R | S | R | R | R | S | R | S | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | R | R | S | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | R | R | S | R | R | R | S | R | I | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | R | R | S | R | R | R | S | R | S | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | R | S | S | R | R | R | S | R | S | R | R | S | S | S |
SAL02135 | 34 | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | S | I | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
SAL02304 | 34 | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | R | R | S | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S |
SAL02239 | 19 | R | R | R | I | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | S | R | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | R | R | R | I | R | R | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | R | R | R | I | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | S | R | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | R | R | R | I | R | R | S | S | Â | S | R | S | R | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | R | R | R | I | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | S | R | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | R | R | R | I | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | S | R | S |
Drug-resistant | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SAL02000 | 19 | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | I | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | R | I | R | S | I | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
SAL02003 | 19 | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
SAL02005 | 19 | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
SAL02008 | 36 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | S |
SAL02219 | 19 | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | I | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | R | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | I | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | I | S | R | I | I | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | R | I | S | R | S | I | S |
SAL02030 | 34 | S | S | S | R | R | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | R | R | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | R | R | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | R | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | R | R | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | I | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | R | R | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | R | R | I | S | R | I | S | S | S | S | S |
SAL02069 | 36 | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | I | S | R | S | I | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | I | S | R | S | I | S |
SAL02203 | 36 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | I | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S |
Susceptible | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SAL01711 | 34 | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | I | S | R | S | I | S |
SAL02017 | 19 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
SAL02070 | 34 | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | I | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | I | S |
SAL02685 | 99 | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | R | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S |
Reference | |||||||||||||||
ATCC 14028 | 19 | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to H2O2 | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to BAC | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ClO2 | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | I | S | R | S | S | S |
Exposed to NaClO | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Exposed to ethanol | Â | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |