Table 1 Characteristics of study participants reporting antibiotic use ten days prior to study enrolment by country

Syndrome

 AFDUC

2,198

30.3%

187

28.4%

879

35.6%

514

27.0%

618

27.8%

 GI

1,642

22.6%

207

31.4%

355

14.4%

538

28.3%

542

24.3%

 RTI

3,009

41.5%

261

39.6%

1,161

47.0%

665

34.9%

922

41.4%

 GI/RTI

409

5.6%

4

0.6%

75

3.0%

186

9.8%

144

6.5%

Covid-19 pandemic

 Enrolled before

4,319

59.5%

508

77.1%

1,309

53.0%

1,181

62.1%

1,321

59.3%

 Enrolled during

2,939

40.5%

151

22.9%

1,161

47.0%

722

37.9%

905

40.7%

Health facility

 Rural site

1,974

27.2%

86

13.1%

357

14.5%

379

19.9%

1,152

51.8%

 Urban site

5,284

72.8%

573

86.9%

2,113

85.5%

1,524

80.1%

1,074

48.2%

Patient’s residence*

N = 7,212

N = 659

N = 2,451

N = 1,902

N = 2,200

 Village

3,142

43.6%

247

37.5%

1,222

49.9%

526

27.7%

1,147

52.1%

 City/Town

4,070

56.4%

412

62.5%

1,229

50.1%

1,376

72.3%

1,053

47.9%

Age group*

N = 7,155

N = 659

N = 2,465

N = 1,899

N = 2,132

 <1 year

1,947

27.2%

101

15.3%

463

18.8%

721

38.0%

662

31.1%

 1–4 years

2,130

29.8%

170

25.8%

634

25.7%

675

35.5%

651

30.5%

 5–17 years

635

8.9%

61

9.3%

231

9.4%

206

10.8%

137

6.4%

 18–44 years

1,269

17.7%

167

25.3%

535

21.7%

163

8.6%

404

18.9%

 ≥45 years

1,174

16.4%

160

24.3%

602

24.4%

134

7.1%

278

13.0%

Sex*

N = 7,243

N = 659

N = 2,463

N = 1,903

N = 2,218

 Male

3,916

54.1%

344

52.2%

1,458

59.2%

1,015

53.3%

1,099

49.5%

 Female

3,327

45.9%

315

47.8%

1,005

40.8%

888

46.7%

1,119

50.5%

Level of education*

N = 7,215

N = 659

N = 2,452

N = 1,900

N = 2,204

 No level of education

2,099

29.1%

354

53.7%

1,388

56.6%

315

16.6%

42

1.9%

 ≤ 6 years

1,459

20.2%

114

17.3%

578

23.6%

576

30.3%

191

8.7%

 7–10 years

1,712

23.7%

85

12.9%

334

13.6%

678

35.7%

615

27.9%

 > 10 years

1,945

27.0%

106

16.1%

152

6.2%

331

17.4%

1,356

61.5%

Employment*

N = 7,042

N = 649

N = 2,304

N = 1,895

N = 2,194

 Unemployed

3,497

49.7%

271

41.8%

495

21.5%

1,139

60.1%

1,592

72.6%

 Self-employed

2,140

30.4%

267

41.1%

1,327

57.6%

490

25.9%

56

2.6%

 Part time employed

391

5.6%

16

2.5%

152

6.6%

113

6.0%

110

5.0%

 Full time employed

1,014

14.4%

95

14.6%

330

14.3%

153

8.1%

436

19.9%

Hospitalized at enrolment¥

N = 6,447

N = 360

N = 2,344

N = 1,525

N = 2,218

 No

42

0.7%

3

0.8%

28

1.2%

10

0.7%

1

0.1%

 Yes

6,405

99.3%

357

99.2%

2,316

98.8%

1,515

99.3%

2,217

99.9%