Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of the included healthcare facilities participating in the HHEA. HHSAF data refers to years 2017–2023, while ABHR consumption data and average compliance include figures from 2012 to 2021. Healthcare facilities are taken as statistical units, and data are presented as medians and IQRs for the overall set, as well as stratified by management type and by region. Multiple comparisons between regions were performed in the event of a p < 0.10 after the Kruskal-Wallis test
Variable | Overall | Management | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General/University/Teaching | Private | p-value | Asia-Pacific | Europe | Latin America | p-value | ||
Size (number of beds) | 235 [128–441] | 320 [206–672] | 148 [90–253] | < 0.001 | 550 [252–1260] | 362 [164–509] | 161 [107–320] | < 0.001† |
ABHR consumption (average, in ml/PD) | 31.9 [19.7–62.7] | 31.9 [18.4–63.6] | 31.3 [21.3–63.2] | 0.901 | 24.1 [10.4–39.0] | 34.0 [21.5–55.7] | 42.3 [22.0–66.7] | 0.087# |
Average hand hygiene compliance (%) | 71.6 [59.2–80.6] | 67.4 [53.1–80.3] | 70.7 [66.3–78.9] | 0.502 | 72.4 [69.7–80.0] | 79.3 [72.0–82.4] | 65.8 [55.1–80.2] | 0.057§ |
WHO HHSAF | ||||||||
System change | 100 [95–100] | 100 [80–100] | 100 [100–100] | N.A.* | 100 [100–100] | 100 [100–100] | 100 [85–100] | N.A.* |
Education & Training | 95 [80–100] | 95 [82.5–100] | 90 [80–100] | 0.336 | 100 [92.5–100] | 95 [80–100] | 90 [80–100] | 0.086# |
Evaluation & Feedback | 90 [80–95] | 85 [72.5–95] | 95 [85–95] | 0.056 | 95 [87.5–100] | 87.5 [80–95] | 85 [75–95] | 0.023# |
Reminders in workplace | 90 [80–100] | 90 [80–95] | 90 [67.5–100] | 0.388 | 95 [87.5–100] | 95 [82.5–100] | 87.5 [67.5–95] | 0.026# |
Safety Climate | 85 [70–95] | 85 [70–90] | 90 [77.5–95] | 0.436 | 90 [82.5–100] | 80 [62.5–90] | 85 [70–90] | 0.031‡ |
Total HHSAF score | 445 [395–480] | 435 [387.5–472.5] | 455 [395–485] | 0.233 | 475 [447.5–490] | 442.5 [417.5–475] | 432.5 [380–467.5] | < 0.001# |