ECDC: Annual Epidemiological Report 2011. Stockholm, SE, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report on Communicable Diseases in Europe. 2012
Google Scholar
Werner G: Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance amongEnterococcus faeciumandEnterococcus faecalisisolated from human (clinical/commensal), food animal, meat and environmental samples. Enterococcus and safety. Edited by: Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Barreto-Crespo MT, Tenreiro R. 2011, Nova Science Publishers Inc, Hauppage, N.Y, [in press]
Google Scholar
Soderblom T, Aspevall O, Erntell M, Hedin G, Heimer D, Hokeberg I: Alarming spread of vancomycin resistant enterococci in Sweden since 2007. Euro Surveill. 2010, 15: 19620-
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bourdon N, Fines-Guyon M, Thiolet JM, Maugat S, Coignard B, Leclercq R: Changing trends in vancomycin-resistant enterococci in French hospitals, 2001–2008. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011, 66: 713-721. 10.1093/jac/dkq524.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hegstad K, Mikalsen T, Coque TM, Werner G, Sundsfjord A: Mobile genetic elements and their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococus faecium. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010, 16: 541-554. 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03226.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paulsen IT, Banerjei L, Myers GS, Nelson KE, Seshadri R, Read TD: Role of mobile DNA in the evolution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Science. 2003, 299: 2071-2074. 10.1126/science.1080613.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bjorkeng E, Rasmussen G, Sundsfjord A, Sjoberg L, Hegstad K, Soderquist B: Clustering of polyclonal VanB-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a low-endemic area was associated with CC17-genogroup strains harbouring transferable vanB2-Tn5382 and pRUM-like repA containing plasmids with axe-txe plasmid addiction systems. APMIS. 2011, 119: 247-258. 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02724.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sivertsen A, Lundblad EW, Wisell KT, Liljequist B, Billström H, Ullberg M: The widespread VRE outbreak in Swedish hospitals 2007–2009 was associated with clonalE. faeciumCC17 genogroup strains harbouring several virulence traits and transferablevanBpRUM-likerepAplasmids. Final Programme of the 21st ECCMID, Milano, May 7–10. 2011, Poster P924, 113
Google Scholar
Klare I, Werner G, Witte W, Fahr A-M: 4.1.3. Enterococcus spp. GERMAP 2008 Antibiot Resist Use. 2009, 1: 41-46.
Google Scholar
Klare I, Werner G, Witte W: Enterococci with vancomycin resistance from German hospitals in 2008/2009 (German). Epidemiologisches Bull. 2010, 44: 427-437.
Google Scholar
Werner G, Fleige C, Ewert B, Laverde-Gomez JA, Klare I, Witte W: High-level ciprofloxacin resistance among hospital-adapted Enterococcus faecium (CC17). Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010, 35: 119-125. 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.10.012.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Werner G, Klare I, Fleige C, Witte W: Increasing rates of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolated from German hospitals between 2004 and 2006 are due to wide clonal dissemination of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and horizontal spread of vanA clusters. Int J Med Microbiol. 2007, 298: 515-527.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dahl KH, Rokenes TP, Lundblad EW, Sundsfjord A: Nonconjugative transposition of the vanB-containing Tn5382-like element in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003, 47: 786-789. 10.1128/AAC.47.2.786-789.2003.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Evers S, Courvalin P: Regulation of VanB-type vancomycin resistance gene expression by the VanS(B)-VanR (B) two-component regulatory system in Enterococcus faecalis V583. J Bacteriol. 1996, 178: 1302-1309.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jensen LB, Garcia-Migura L, Valenzuela AJ, Lohr M, Hasman H, Aarestrup FM: A classification system for plasmids from enterococci and other Gram-positive bacteria. J Microbiol Methods. 2009, 80: 25-43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laverde Gomez JA, van SW, Freitas AR, Coque TM, Weaver KE, Francia MV: A multiresistance megaplasmid pLG1 bearing a hyl(Efm) genomic island in hospital Enterococcus faecium isolates. Int J Med Microbiol. 2010, 301: 165-175.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Werner G, Fleige C, Geringer U, van SW, Klare I, Witte W: IS element IS16 as a molecular screening tool to identify hospital-associated strains of Enterococcus faecium. BMC Infect Dis. 2011, 11: 80-10.1186/1471-2334-11-80.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Werner G, Freitas AR, Coque TM, Sollid JE, Lester C, Hammerum AM: Host range of enterococcal vanA plasmids among Gram-positive intestinal bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010, 66: 273-282.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fournier S, Brun-Bruisson C, Jarlier V: Twenty years of antimicrobial resistance control programme in a regional multi hospital institution, with focus on emerging bacteria (VRE and CPE). Antimicrob Resist Inf Contr. 2012, 1: 9-10.1186/2047-2994-1-9.
Article
Google Scholar
Werner G, Klare I, Strommenger B, Witte W: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci - epidemiology, diagnostics, typing, trends. Mikrobiologe. 2007, 17: 57-74.
Google Scholar
Ubeda C, Taur Y, Jenq RR, Equinda MJ, Son T, Samstein M: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus domination of intestinal microbiota is enabled by antibiotic treatment in mice and precedes bloodstream invasion in humans. J Clin Invest. 2010, 120: 4332-4341. 10.1172/JCI43918.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Young HL, Ballard SA, Roffey P, Grayson ML: Direct detection ofvanB2using the Roche LightCyclervanA/Bdetection assay to indicate vancomycin-resistant enterococcal carriage - sensitive but not specific. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007, 59: 809-810. 10.1093/jac/dkl543.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Domingo MC, Huletsky A, Giroux R, Boissinot K, Picard FJ, Lebel P: High prevalence of glycopeptide resistance genes vanB, vanD, and vanG not associated with enterococci in human fecal flora. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005, 49: 4784-4786. 10.1128/AAC.49.11.4784-4786.2005.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marvaud JC, Mory F, Lambert T: Clostridium clostridioforme and Atopobium minutum clinical isolates with vanB-type resistance in France. J Clin Microbiol. 2011, 49: 3436-3438. 10.1128/JCM.00308-11.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ballard SA, Pertile KK, Lim M, Johnson PD, Grayson ML: Molecular characterization of vanB elements in naturally occurring gut anaerobes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005, 49: 1688-1694. 10.1128/AAC.49.5.1688-1694.2005.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stamper PD, Cai M, Lema C, Eskey K, Carroll KC: Comparison of the BD GeneOhm VanR Assay to culture for identification of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in rectal and stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2007, 45: 3360-3365. 10.1128/JCM.01458-07.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Werner G, Serr A, Schütt S, Schneider C, Klare I, Witte W: Comparison of direct cultivation on a selective solid medium, polymerase chain reaction from an enrichment broth, and the BD GeneOhm™ VanR Assay for identification of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in screening specimens. Diagn Microbiol Inf Dis. 2011, 70: 512-521. 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.04.004.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kramer A, Schwebke I, Kampf G: How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2006, 6: 130-10.1186/1471-2334-6-130.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lemmen SW, Hafner H, Zolldann D, Stanzel S, Lutticken R: Distribution of multi-resistant Gram-negative versus Gram-positive bacteria in the hospital inanimate environment. J Hosp Infect. 2004, 56: 191-197. 10.1016/j.jhin.2003.12.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Szachta P, Ignys I, Cichy W: An evaluation of the ability of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG to eliminate the gastrointestinal carrier state of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in colonized children. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011, 45: 872-877. 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318227439f.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fang H, Nord CE, Ullberg M: Screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci: results of a survey in Stockholm. APMIS. 2010, 118: 413-417. 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02605.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lopez M, Hormazabal JC, Maldonado A, Saavedra G, Baquero F, Silva J: Clonal dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis ST201 and Enterococcus faecium CC17-ST64 containing Tn5382-vanB2 among 16 hospitals in Chile. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009, 15: 586-588. 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02741.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Panesso D, Reyes J, Rincon S, Diaz L, Galloway-Pena J, Zurita J: Molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: a prospective, multicenter study in South American hospitals. J Clin Microbiol. 2010, 48: 1562-1569. 10.1128/JCM.02526-09.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Torres C, Escobar S, Portillo A, Torres L, Rezusta A, Ruiz-Larrea F: Detection of clonally related vanB2-containing Enterococcus faecium strains in two Spanish hospitals. J Med Microbiol. 2006, 55: 1237-1243. 10.1099/jmm.0.46560-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valdezate S, Labayru C, Navarro A, Mantecon MA, Ortega M, Coque TM: Large clonal outbreak of multidrug-resistant CC17 ST17 Enterococcus faecium containing Tn5382 in a Spanish hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009, 63: 17-20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Servais A, Mercadal L, Brossier F, Venditto M, Issad B, Isnard-Bagnis C: Rapid curbing of a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium outbreak in a nephrology department. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009, 4: 1559-1564. 10.2215/CJN.03310509.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dahl KH, Mater DD, Flores MJ, Johnsen PJ, Midtvedt T, Corthier G: Transfer of plasmid and chromosomal glycopeptide resistance determinants occurs more readily in the digestive tract of mice than in vitro and exconjugants can persist stably in vivo in the absence of glycopeptide selection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007, 59: 478-486. 10.1093/jac/dkl530.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moubareck C, Bourgeois N, Courvalin P, Doucet-Populaire F: Multiple antibiotic resistance gene transfer from animal to human enterococci in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003, 47: 2993-2996. 10.1128/AAC.47.9.2993-2996.2003.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lester CH, Hammerum AM: Transfer of vanA from an Enterococcus faecium isolate of chicken origin to a CC17 E. faecium isolate in the intestine of cephalosporin-treated mice. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010, 65: 1534-1536. 10.1093/jac/dkq170.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grabsch EA, Chua K, Xie S, Byrne J, Ballard SA, Ward PB: Improved detection of vanB2-containing Enterococcus faecium with vancomycin susceptibility by Etest using oxgall supplementation. J Clin Microbiol. 2008, 46: 1961-1964. 10.1128/JCM.01778-07.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alam MR, Donabedian S, Brown W, Gordon J, Chow JW, Zervos MJ: Heteroresistance to vancomycin in Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 2001, 39: 3379-3381. 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3379-3381.2001.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khan SA, Sung K, Layton S, Nawaz MS: Heteroresistance to vancomycin and novel point mutations in Tn1546 of Enterococcus faecium ATCC 51559. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008, 31: 27-36. 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Qu TT, Zhang JL, Zhou ZH, Wei ZQ, Yu YS, Chen YG: Heteroresistance to teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium harboring the vanA gene. J Clin Microbiol. 2009, 47: 4194-4196. 10.1128/JCM.01802-09.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar